Conjunctions
Master Guide
“A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses together in a sentence.”
They show relationships like addition, contrast, or reason between ideas.
Quick Reference Table
| Type | Function | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Coordinating | Joins equals (FANBOYS) | and, but, or, so |
| Subordinating | Joins dependent to independent | if, because, since, while |
| Correlative | Pairs that work together | either/or, both/and |
| Conjunctive Adverbs | Transitions between thoughts | however, therefore, also |
Types of Conjunctions
Subordinating
Connect a dependent clause to an independent clause. They show time, cause and effect, or condition.
Common examples
Because, although, if, since, while, unless, until, whereas, provided that.
Function
They make one part depend on the other.
Example
“Because it was raining, we stayed inside.”
“Because it was raining” cannot stand alone.
Correlative
These conjunctions work in pairs to relate two similar parts of a sentence.
Common pairs
Either... or, Neither... nor, Both... and, Not only... but also, Whether... or.
Function
They add balance and emphasis.
Example
“Neither the teacher nor the students were ready for the test.”
Conjunctive Adverbs
They transition between ideas but are technically adverbs.
Punctuation rule
Use a semicolon before and a comma after.
Common examples
However, therefore, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, otherwise.
Example
“The results were inconclusive; therefore, we must repeat the experiment.”
Example Sentence Library
Coordinating
- “The cake was small, yet it was delicious.”
- “We can go hiking, or we can stay by the lake.”
- “He studied hard, so he passed the exam.”
- “She likes coffee, but she prefers tea.”
Subordinating
- “Although it was cold, we went for a swim.”
- “I will wait until the sun goes down.”
- “You should leave unless you want to be late.”
- “Provided that it's sunny, we'll have a picnic.”
Correlative
- “Not only did she win, but also she broke a record.”
- “Both the manager and the team were happy.”
- “Whether you like it or not, we have to go.”
- “Either come in or close the door.”
Conjunctive Adverbs
- “The movie was long; however, it was never boring.”
- “He arrived late; furthermore, he forgot his notes.”
- “It began to rain; consequently, the game was canceled.”
- “The task is hard; nevertheless, we must finish it.”