English Vocabulary Library
English Vocabulary Collocations
Learn useful English collocations from A1 to C2 with meanings, examples, questions, categories, and progress tracking.
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33 collocations
have breakfast
MeaningEat breakfast.
ExampleI have breakfast at seven.
QuestionDo you have breakfast every day?
have lunch
MeaningEat lunch.
ExampleWe have lunch at school.
QuestionWhere do you have lunch?
have dinner
MeaningEat dinner.
ExampleI have dinner with my family.
QuestionWhat time do you have dinner?
drink water
MeaningDrink water.
ExampleI drink water every day.
QuestionDo you drink water at school?
eat fruit
MeaningEat fruit.
ExampleShe eats fruit for breakfast.
QuestionDo you eat fruit?
make a cake
MeaningPrepare a cake.
ExampleMum makes a cake.
QuestionCan you make a cake?
cook dinner
MeaningPrepare dinner.
ExampleDad cooks dinner today.
QuestionWho cooks dinner at home?
go home
MeaningReturn home.
ExampleI go home after school.
QuestionWhen do you go home?
go to school
MeaningTravel to school.
ExampleI go to school by bus.
QuestionDo you go to school on foot?
go to bed
MeaningGo to sleep.
ExampleI go to bed at nine.
QuestionWhat time do you go to bed?
go shopping
MeaningBuy things.
ExampleWe go shopping on Saturday.
QuestionDo you go shopping with your family?
go outside
MeaningLeave the house or room.
ExampleThe children go outside to play.
QuestionCan we go outside now?
do homework
MeaningComplete school work at home.
ExampleI do homework after school.
QuestionDo you do homework every day?
read a book
MeaningRead from a book.
ExampleI read a book in the evening.
QuestionDo you read a book before bed?
write a sentence
MeaningWrite one sentence.
ExampleI write a sentence in English.
QuestionCan you write a sentence?
ask a question
MeaningSay a question.
ExampleThe student asks a question.
QuestionDo you ask questions in class?
answer a question
MeaningGive an answer.
ExampleI answer a question.
QuestionCan you answer this question?
learn English
MeaningStudy English.
ExampleWe learn English at school.
QuestionDo you learn English every day?
take a test
MeaningDo a test.
ExampleWe take a test on Monday.
QuestionDo you take tests at school?
clean the room
MeaningMake the room clean.
ExampleI clean the room on Sunday.
QuestionDo you clean your room?
make the bed
MeaningMake your bed tidy.
ExampleI make the bed in the morning.
QuestionDo you make your bed?
wash the dishes
MeaningClean plates and cups.
ExampleI wash the dishes after dinner.
QuestionWho washes the dishes at home?
open the door
MeaningMove the door open.
ExamplePlease open the door.
QuestionCan you open the door?
close the window
MeaningShut the window.
ExampleI close the window at night.
QuestionCan you close the window?
turn on the light
MeaningStart the light.
ExampleI turn on the light.
QuestionCan you turn on the light?
turn off the TV
MeaningStop the TV.
ExamplePlease turn off the TV.
QuestionDo you turn off the TV at night?
make friends
MeaningGet new friends.
ExampleI make friends at school.
QuestionDo you make friends easily?
say hello
MeaningGreet someone.
ExampleI say hello to my teacher.
QuestionDo you say hello politely?
say goodbye
MeaningSay farewell.
ExampleWe say goodbye after class.
QuestionDo you say goodbye to friends?
help a friend
MeaningGive help to a friend.
ExampleI help a friend with homework.
QuestionDo you help your friends?
play a game
MeaningEnjoy a game.
ExampleWe play a game together.
QuestionDo you play games with friends?
tell a story
MeaningSay a story.
ExampleGrandma tells a story.
QuestionCan you tell a story?
give a present
MeaningGive a gift.
ExampleI give a present to my sister.
QuestionDo you give presents on birthdays?
make a mistake
MeaningDo something wrong.
ExampleI made a mistake in my homework.
QuestionDo you sometimes make mistakes?
make a decision
MeaningChoose something.
ExampleShe made a decision quickly.
QuestionCan you make a decision today?
make a plan
MeaningPrepare what to do.
ExampleWe made a plan for the weekend.
QuestionDo you make plans for holidays?
make a list
MeaningWrite things in order.
ExampleI made a shopping list.
QuestionDo you make a list before shopping?
make a phone call
MeaningCall someone by phone.
ExampleHe made a phone call after lunch.
QuestionDo you often make phone calls?
make noise
MeaningCreate sound.
ExampleThe children made noise in the hall.
QuestionDo you make noise in class?
take a photo
MeaningUse a camera to make a picture.
ExampleI took a photo of the beach.
QuestionDo you take photos on holiday?
take a break
MeaningStop for a short rest.
ExampleWe took a break after the lesson.
QuestionDo you take breaks when you study?
take a shower
MeaningWash your body in the shower.
ExampleI take a shower every morning.
QuestionDo you take a shower at night?
take a bus
MeaningTravel by bus.
ExampleI take a bus to school.
QuestionDo you take a bus every day?
take an exam
MeaningDo an exam.
ExampleWe take an exam in June.
QuestionDo you take exams at school?
take medicine
MeaningUse medicine.
ExampleShe takes medicine after breakfast.
QuestionDo you take medicine when you are ill?
catch a bus
MeaningGet on a bus before it leaves.
ExampleI caught a bus at eight.
QuestionDid you catch the bus today?
catch a train
MeaningGet on a train before it leaves.
ExampleWe caught the train to London.
QuestionCan you catch the train on time?
miss a bus
MeaningNot catch a bus.
ExampleI missed the bus this morning.
QuestionDid you miss the bus yesterday?
miss a lesson
MeaningNot attend a lesson.
ExampleHe missed a lesson because he was sick.
QuestionDo you miss lessons often?
book a room
MeaningReserve a room.
ExampleWe booked a room at the hotel.
QuestionCan you book a room online?
buy a ticket
MeaningPay for a ticket.
ExampleI bought a ticket at the station.
QuestionDid you buy a ticket?
do exercise
MeaningMove your body to stay healthy.
ExampleI do exercise every day.
QuestionDo you do exercise in the morning?
do the shopping
MeaningBuy food or things.
ExampleMum does the shopping on Saturday.
QuestionWho does the shopping at home?
do the washing
MeaningWash clothes.
ExampleDad does the washing on Sunday.
QuestionDo you do the washing?
do your best
MeaningTry as hard as possible.
ExampleDo your best in the test.
QuestionDo you always do your best?
do a project
MeaningWork on a project.
ExampleWe did a project about animals.
QuestionDo you do projects at school?
do research
MeaningLook for information carefully.
ExampleStudents do research online.
QuestionDo you do research for homework?
have a problem
MeaningExperience a problem.
ExampleI have a problem with my computer.
QuestionDo you have a problem?
have a party
MeaningOrganise or enjoy a party.
ExampleWe had a party on Saturday.
QuestionDo you have parties at school?
have a meeting
MeaningMeet to discuss something.
ExampleWe had a meeting at ten.
QuestionDo you have meetings at work?
have a rest
MeaningRelax for a short time.
ExampleI had a rest after school.
QuestionDo you have a rest after lunch?
have an idea
MeaningThink of an idea.
ExampleI have an idea for the story.
QuestionDo you have an idea?
have fun
MeaningEnjoy yourself.
ExampleWe had fun at the park.
QuestionDid you have fun yesterday?
get a job
MeaningFind work.
ExampleHe got a job in a shop.
QuestionIs it easy to get a job?
get a message
MeaningReceive a message.
ExampleI got a message from my friend.
QuestionDid you get my message?
get permission
MeaningReceive approval.
ExampleWe got permission to leave early.
QuestionDo you need to get permission?
get ready
MeaningPrepare.
ExampleI got ready for school.
QuestionDo you get ready quickly?
get lost
MeaningNot know where you are.
ExampleWe got lost in the city.
QuestionDid you get lost on holiday?
get better
MeaningImprove or become healthy again.
ExampleShe got better after a week.
QuestionDo you feel better now?
send an email
MeaningWrite and send an email.
ExampleI sent an email to my teacher.
QuestionDo you send emails often?
write a message
MeaningWrite words to someone.
ExampleShe wrote a message to her friend.
QuestionDo you write messages every day?
answer the phone
MeaningPick up and speak on the phone.
ExampleHe answered the phone quickly.
QuestionDo you answer the phone at home?
ask for help
MeaningRequest help.
ExampleI asked for help with maths.
QuestionDo you ask for help when you need it?
give advice
MeaningTell someone what they should do.
ExampleMy teacher gave me advice.
QuestionDo you give advice to friends?
give a reason
MeaningExplain why.
ExampleShe gave a reason for being late.
QuestionCan you give a reason?
pay attention
MeaningListen or watch carefully.
ExamplePlease pay attention in class.
QuestionDo you pay attention to instructions?
pay by card
MeaningUse a bank card to pay.
ExampleI paid by card at the shop.
QuestionDo you pay by card?
save money
MeaningKeep money for later.
ExampleI save money for a bike.
QuestionDo you save money?
spend money
MeaningUse money to buy things.
ExampleShe spent money on clothes.
QuestionDo you spend money on games?
change money
MeaningExchange money into another currency.
ExampleWe changed money before the trip.
QuestionDo you change money at the bank?
meet friends
MeaningSee friends.
ExampleI meet friends after school.
QuestionDo you meet friends at the weekend?
visit relatives
MeaningGo to see family members.
ExampleWe visited relatives in summer.
QuestionDo you visit relatives often?
join a club
MeaningBecome a member of a club.
ExampleHe joined a football club.
QuestionWould you like to join a club?
win a prize
MeaningGet a prize because you did well.
ExampleShe won a prize for drawing.
QuestionHave you ever won a prize?
lose a game
MeaningNot win a game.
ExampleOur team lost the game.
QuestionDo you feel sad when you lose a game?
follow rules
MeaningDo what the rules say.
ExampleStudents follow rules at school.
QuestionDo you follow rules?
make progress
MeaningImprove or move forward.
ExampleShe made progress in English.
QuestionDid you make progress this week?
make an effort
MeaningTry hard.
ExampleHe made an effort to arrive on time.
QuestionDo you make an effort in class?
make a complaint
MeaningSay that something is wrong.
ExampleThe customer made a complaint.
QuestionHave you ever made a complaint?
make a suggestion
MeaningGive an idea.
ExampleShe made a useful suggestion.
QuestionCan you make a suggestion?
make an appointment
MeaningArrange a meeting or visit.
ExampleI made an appointment with the doctor.
QuestionDid you make an appointment?
make a difference
MeaningHave a positive effect.
ExampleSmall actions can make a difference.
QuestionCan kindness make a difference?
take responsibility
MeaningAccept duty for something.
ExampleHe took responsibility for the mistake.
QuestionDo you take responsibility for your work?
take action
MeaningDo something to solve a problem.
ExampleThe school took action quickly.
QuestionShould we take action now?
take part
MeaningJoin an activity.
ExampleShe took part in the competition.
QuestionDo you take part in school events?
take notes
MeaningWrite important information.
ExampleI took notes during the lesson.
QuestionDo you take notes in class?
take care
MeaningBe careful or look after yourself.
ExampleTake care when you cross the road.
QuestionDo you take care online?
take advice
MeaningAccept advice.
ExampleHe took my advice and rested.
QuestionDo you take advice from teachers?
do research
MeaningLook for information carefully.
ExampleStudents did research for the project.
QuestionDo you do research online?
do business
MeaningWork or trade with someone.
ExampleThe company does business abroad.
QuestionDoes your company do business online?
do damage
MeaningCause harm.
ExampleThe storm did damage to the roof.
QuestionCan water do damage?
do well
MeaningBe successful.
ExampleShe did well in the exam.
QuestionDid you do well in the test?
do badly
MeaningNot be successful.
ExampleThe team did badly last season.
QuestionDid they do badly because of mistakes?
have experience
MeaningKnow something because you have done it before.
ExampleShe has experience in teaching.
QuestionDo you have experience with computers?
have difficulty
MeaningFind something hard.
ExampleI had difficulty understanding the text.
QuestionDo you have difficulty with grammar?
have an effect
MeaningChange something.
ExampleSleep has an effect on learning.
QuestionDoes music have an effect on mood?
have a conversation
MeaningTalk with someone.
ExampleWe had a conversation after class.
QuestionDid you have a conversation in English?
have an opportunity
MeaningHave a chance.
ExampleHe had an opportunity to travel.
QuestionWould you like to have an opportunity abroad?
have confidence
MeaningFeel sure about yourself.
ExamplePractice gives students confidence.
QuestionDo you have confidence when speaking?
give permission
MeaningAllow someone to do something.
ExampleThe teacher gave permission to leave.
QuestionDid your parents give permission?
give support
MeaningHelp someone.
ExampleFriends gave support during the exam.
QuestionDo you give support to classmates?
give an example
MeaningShow one case.
ExampleThe teacher gave an example.
QuestionCan you give an example?
give a presentation
MeaningSpeak to a group.
ExampleShe gave a presentation about animals.
QuestionHave you given a presentation?
give feedback
MeaningSay what was good or bad.
ExampleThe teacher gave feedback on my essay.
QuestionDo you like getting feedback?
give attention
MeaningListen or watch carefully.
ExamplePlease give attention to the instructions.
QuestionDo you give attention in class?
get permission
MeaningReceive approval.
ExampleWe got permission to use the room.
QuestionDid you get permission?
get advice
MeaningReceive advice.
ExampleI got advice from my teacher.
QuestionWhere do you get advice?
get a chance
MeaningReceive an opportunity.
ExampleShe got a chance to speak.
QuestionDid you get a chance to answer?
get better
MeaningImprove or become healthy.
ExampleHe got better after resting.
QuestionDid you get better quickly?
get ready
MeaningPrepare.
ExampleWe got ready for the trip.
QuestionDo you get ready early?
get results
MeaningReceive results.
ExampleWe got the results yesterday.
QuestionDid you get your exam results?
reach a decision
MeaningDecide after thinking.
ExampleThey reached a decision after the meeting.
QuestionCan you reach a decision today?
reach an agreement
MeaningAgree after discussion.
ExampleThe two sides reached an agreement.
QuestionDid they reach an agreement?
reach a goal
MeaningAchieve an aim.
ExampleShe reached her goal after months of practice.
QuestionWhat goal do you want to reach?
reach a conclusion
MeaningDecide what is true after thinking.
ExampleThe students reached a conclusion.
QuestionDid you reach the same conclusion?
keep a promise
MeaningDo what you said you would do.
ExampleHe kept his promise.
QuestionDo you always keep a promise?
keep in touch
MeaningStay in contact.
ExampleWe kept in touch after school.
QuestionDo you keep in touch with old friends?
keep calm
MeaningStay calm.
ExampleShe kept calm during the test.
QuestionCan you keep calm under pressure?
keep a diary
MeaningWrite about your life regularly.
ExampleI kept a diary during the holiday.
QuestionDo you keep a diary?
keep fit
MeaningStay healthy and active.
ExampleHe keeps fit by running.
QuestionHow do you keep fit?
pay attention
MeaningListen or watch carefully.
ExamplePay attention to the teacher.
QuestionDo you pay attention in class?
pay a fine
MeaningGive money because you broke a rule.
ExampleHe paid a fine for parking badly.
QuestionDid he pay a fine?
pay respect
MeaningShow respect.
ExamplePeople paid respect to the hero.
QuestionHow do people pay respect?
pay a visit
MeaningVisit someone.
ExampleWe paid a visit to our grandparents.
QuestionDo you pay visits to relatives?
save time
MeaningUse less time.
ExampleThis app saves time.
QuestionCan planning save time?
save money
MeaningKeep money for later.
ExampleShe saves money every month.
QuestionDo you save money?
waste time
MeaningUse time badly.
ExampleDo not waste time before the exam.
QuestionDo you waste time online?
spend time
MeaningUse time doing something.
ExampleI spend time reading every day.
QuestionHow do you spend your free time?
feel pressure
MeaningFeel stress because something is difficult.
ExampleStudents feel pressure before exams.
QuestionDo you feel pressure at school?
feel confident
MeaningFeel sure about yourself.
ExampleShe felt confident during the interview.
QuestionDo you feel confident speaking English?
feel guilty
MeaningFeel bad about something you did.
ExampleHe felt guilty after lying.
QuestionDo you feel guilty after mistakes?
feel lonely
MeaningFeel alone and sad.
ExampleShe felt lonely in the new city.
QuestionCan people feel lonely at school?
strong opinion
MeaningA firm idea or belief.
ExampleHe has a strong opinion about school uniforms.
QuestionDo you have a strong opinion?
serious problem
MeaningA big and important problem.
ExamplePollution is a serious problem.
QuestionIs this a serious problem?
clear explanation
MeaningAn explanation that is easy to understand.
ExampleThe teacher gave a clear explanation.
QuestionWas the explanation clear?
useful information
MeaningInformation that helps.
ExampleThe website has useful information.
QuestionDid you find useful information?
heavy traffic
MeaningMany cars on the road.
ExampleThere was heavy traffic this morning.
QuestionDo you often see heavy traffic?
public transport
MeaningBuses, trains, and other transport for people.
ExampleI use public transport every day.
QuestionIs public transport good in your city?
meet expectations
MeaningBe as good as people hoped.
ExampleThe course met my expectations.
QuestionDid the film meet your expectations?
exceed expectations
MeaningBe better than expected.
ExampleHer results exceeded expectations.
QuestionCan hard work exceed expectations?
raise awareness
MeaningHelp people know about an issue.
ExampleThe campaign raised awareness about recycling.
QuestionHow can schools raise awareness?
take into account
MeaningConsider something before deciding.
ExampleWe must take the cost into account.
QuestionDo you take advice into account?
reach a compromise
MeaningFind an agreement between different sides.
ExampleThe two teams reached a compromise.
QuestionCan friends reach a compromise?
draw a conclusion
MeaningDecide something after thinking.
ExampleThe students drew a conclusion from the data.
QuestionCan you draw a conclusion?
play a role
MeaningBe involved in something.
ExampleSleep plays a role in learning.
QuestionWhat plays a role in success?
pose a threat
MeaningCreate danger.
ExamplePollution poses a threat to wildlife.
QuestionDoes climate change pose a threat?
pose a question
MeaningAsk or create a question.
ExampleThe article poses an important question.
QuestionWhat question does this text pose?
provide evidence
MeaningGive information that supports an idea.
ExampleThe study provided evidence for the theory.
QuestionCan you provide evidence?
make an assumption
MeaningBelieve something without full proof.
ExampleDo not make an assumption too quickly.
QuestionHave you ever made a wrong assumption?
make a comparison
MeaningCompare two things.
ExampleThe essay makes a comparison between two cities.
QuestionCan you make a comparison?
make a contribution
MeaningHelp by adding work, money, or ideas.
ExampleShe made a valuable contribution to the project.
QuestionHow can you make a contribution?
make a request
MeaningAsk for something formally.
ExampleHe made a request for more time.
QuestionCan you make a polite request?
make a prediction
MeaningSay what you think will happen.
ExampleThe scientist made a prediction about the weather.
QuestionCan you make a prediction?
make an improvement
MeaningChange something for the better.
ExampleThe update made an improvement to the app.
QuestionWhat improvement would you make?
take responsibility
MeaningAccept duty for something.
ExampleThe manager took responsibility for the error.
QuestionShould leaders take responsibility?
take advantage of
MeaningUse an opportunity well.
ExampleShe took advantage of the free course.
QuestionDo you take advantage of learning apps?
take measures
MeaningDo things to solve or prevent a problem.
ExampleThe school took measures to improve safety.
QuestionWhat measures should we take?
take a risk
MeaningDo something that may have a bad result.
ExampleHe took a risk by changing jobs.
QuestionWould you take a risk?
take seriously
MeaningTreat something as important.
ExampleYou should take the warning seriously.
QuestionDo you take feedback seriously?
take the lead
MeaningBecome the person who guides others.
ExampleShe took the lead in the project.
QuestionCan you take the lead in a team?
give priority to
MeaningTreat something as more important.
ExampleWe should give priority to safety.
QuestionWhat should schools give priority to?
give rise to
MeaningCause something to happen.
ExampleThe decision gave rise to many questions.
QuestionCan stress give rise to problems?
give an impression
MeaningMake people feel or think something.
ExampleThe design gives a positive impression.
QuestionWhat impression does this page give?
give permission
MeaningAllow something.
ExampleThe school gave permission for the trip.
QuestionWho can give permission?
give a warning
MeaningTell someone about possible danger.
ExampleThe sign gives a warning.
QuestionDid the teacher give a warning?
give support
MeaningHelp someone.
ExampleThe community gave support to the family.
QuestionHow can people give support?
have an impact
MeaningAffect something.
ExampleTechnology has an impact on education.
QuestionDoes music have an impact on mood?
have access to
MeaningBe able to use or enter something.
ExampleStudents have access to online lessons.
QuestionDo you have access to the internet?
have doubts
MeaningFeel unsure.
ExampleI have doubts about this plan.
QuestionDo you have doubts about the decision?
have influence
MeaningAffect people or events.
ExampleSocial media has influence on young people.
QuestionWho has influence in your life?
have potential
MeaningBe able to become successful.
ExampleThe idea has real potential.
QuestionDoes this project have potential?
have consequences
MeaningCause results later.
ExampleEvery decision has consequences.
QuestionCan small choices have consequences?
do harm
MeaningCause damage.
ExampleToo much sugar can do harm.
QuestionCan pollution do harm?
do wonders
MeaningHelp a lot.
ExampleA short walk can do wonders for your mood.
QuestionCan sleep do wonders for health?
do a favour
MeaningHelp someone.
ExampleCan you do me a favour?
QuestionDo you often do favours for friends?
do business with
MeaningWork or trade with someone.
ExampleOur company does business with local suppliers.
QuestionWould you do business with them?
do research into
MeaningStudy something carefully.
ExampleThey did research into online learning.
QuestionWhat topic would you do research into?
reach a target
MeaningAchieve a goal or number.
ExampleThe company reached its sales target.
QuestionDid you reach your target?
reach an agreement
MeaningAgree after discussion.
ExampleThe two sides reached an agreement.
QuestionWas it hard to reach an agreement?
reach a conclusion
MeaningDecide after thinking.
ExampleThe report reached a clear conclusion.
QuestionCan you reach a conclusion from the facts?
reach a decision
MeaningDecide after discussion.
ExampleThe committee reached a decision.
QuestionHow do you reach a decision?
strong evidence
MeaningClear and convincing proof.
ExampleThere is strong evidence for the theory.
QuestionIs there strong evidence?
clear advantage
MeaningAn obvious benefit.
ExampleExperience gives a clear advantage.
QuestionWhat is a clear advantage of practice?
serious concern
MeaningAn important worry.
ExampleSafety is a serious concern.
QuestionIs cost a serious concern?
major issue
MeaningA big problem or topic.
ExampleTraffic is a major issue in big cities.
QuestionWhat is a major issue in your town?
key factor
MeaningAn important cause or part.
ExampleMotivation is a key factor in success.
QuestionWhat is a key factor in learning?
wide range
MeaningMany different types.
ExampleThe shop offers a wide range of products.
QuestionDo you like a wide range of choices?
heavy rain
MeaningA lot of rain.
ExampleHeavy rain caused delays.
QuestionDoes heavy rain happen often?
strong wind
MeaningPowerful wind.
ExampleStrong wind damaged the trees.
QuestionCan strong wind be dangerous?
high demand
MeaningMany people want something.
ExampleThere is high demand for tickets.
QuestionWhat products have high demand?
close relationship
MeaningA strong personal connection.
ExampleThey have a close relationship.
QuestionDo you have a close relationship with your family?
common mistake
MeaningA mistake many people make.
ExampleThis is a common mistake in English.
QuestionWhat is a common mistake for learners?
valuable experience
MeaningUseful experience.
ExampleVolunteering gave her valuable experience.
QuestionCan travel give valuable experience?
achieve success
MeaningBecome successful.
ExampleShe achieved success through hard work.
QuestionHow can students achieve success?
achieve a goal
MeaningReach an aim.
ExampleHe achieved his goal after months of practice.
QuestionWhat goal do you want to achieve?
gain experience
MeaningGet useful knowledge by doing something.
ExampleShe gained experience during the internship.
QuestionHow can you gain experience?
gain confidence
MeaningBecome more confident.
ExampleSpeaking practice helps learners gain confidence.
QuestionHow can you gain confidence?
lose control
MeaningStop being able to manage something.
ExampleThe driver lost control of the car.
QuestionCan people lose control when angry?
lose interest
MeaningStop being interested.
ExampleHe lost interest in the course.
QuestionWhy do students lose interest?
avoid confusion
MeaningStop confusion from happening.
ExampleClear instructions avoid confusion.
QuestionHow can teachers avoid confusion?
avoid mistakes
MeaningStop mistakes from happening.
ExampleCheck your work to avoid mistakes.
QuestionHow do you avoid mistakes?
reduce costs
MeaningMake costs lower.
ExampleThe company reduced costs by using less paper.
QuestionHow can a business reduce costs?
reduce risk
MeaningMake danger or uncertainty lower.
ExampleSeat belts reduce risk.
QuestionWhat can reduce risk online?
increase pressure
MeaningMake pressure stronger.
ExampleThe deadline increased pressure on the team.
QuestionWhat increases pressure at school?
increase awareness
MeaningHelp more people understand an issue.
ExampleThe poster increased awareness about health.
QuestionCan social media increase awareness?
express concern
MeaningSay that you are worried.
ExampleParents expressed concern about safety.
QuestionWould you express concern politely?
express an opinion
MeaningSay what you think.
ExampleStudents expressed their opinions clearly.
QuestionCan you express an opinion in English?
offer assistance
MeaningOffer help.
ExampleThe guide offered assistance to tourists.
QuestionDo you offer assistance to classmates?
offer an explanation
MeaningExplain why something happened.
ExampleHe offered an explanation for the delay.
QuestionWas the explanation believable?
provide information
MeaningGive useful details.
ExampleThe website provides information about exams.
QuestionCan you provide information?
provide support
MeaningGive help.
ExampleThe charity provides support to families.
QuestionWho provides support in your community?
face a challenge
MeaningHave to deal with something difficult.
ExampleNew students face many challenges.
QuestionWhat challenge do you face?
face criticism
MeaningReceive negative comments.
ExampleThe leader faced criticism after the speech.
QuestionHow should people face criticism?
solve a problem
MeaningFind an answer to a problem.
ExampleThey solved the problem quickly.
QuestionCan you solve this problem?
resolve an issue
MeaningFix or settle a problem.
ExampleThe team resolved the issue.
QuestionHow can we resolve this issue?
overcome difficulty
MeaningDeal successfully with something hard.
ExampleShe overcame difficulty with practice.
QuestionHow do you overcome difficulty?
meet a deadline
MeaningFinish before the final time.
ExampleWe met the deadline yesterday.
QuestionDo you usually meet deadlines?
key role
Meaningan especially important part or function in a situation or process
ExampleEducation plays a key role in economic development.
QuestionWhat factors play a key role in long-term success?
conduct research
MeaningDo formal or careful research.
ExampleThe university conducted research into language learning.
QuestionCan students conduct research online?
carry out an investigation
MeaningDo a detailed investigation.
ExampleThe committee carried out an investigation.
QuestionWho should carry out the investigation?
reach consensus
MeaningAgree after discussion.
ExampleThe group reached consensus after a long debate.
QuestionIs it difficult to reach consensus?
pose a threat
MeaningCreate danger or risk.
ExampleClimate change poses a threat to many species.
QuestionWhat poses a threat to public health?
pose a challenge
MeaningCreate a difficult problem.
ExampleRemote work poses a challenge for managers.
QuestionWhat poses a challenge for learners?
raise concerns
MeaningMake people worried about something.
ExampleThe report raised concerns about safety.
QuestionDid the decision raise concerns?
provide insight
MeaningGive useful understanding.
ExampleThe survey provided insight into student habits.
QuestionCan data provide insight?
provide justification
MeaningGive a reason that supports something.
ExampleThe manager provided justification for the delay.
QuestionWas enough justification provided?
provide evidence
MeaningGive proof or support.
ExampleThe study provided evidence of improvement.
QuestionCan you provide evidence for your claim?
provide clarification
MeaningMake something clearer.
ExampleThe speaker provided clarification after the question.
QuestionShould the school provide clarification?
provide a framework
MeaningGive a structure for thinking or working.
ExampleThe theory provides a framework for analysis.
QuestionDoes this model provide a framework?
draw a distinction
MeaningShow the difference between things.
ExampleThe article draws a distinction between fact and opinion.
QuestionCan you draw a distinction between them?
draw attention to
MeaningMake people notice something.
ExampleThe campaign draws attention to pollution.
QuestionWhat should we draw attention to?
draw a parallel
MeaningShow that two things are similar.
ExampleThe author draws a parallel between past and present.
QuestionCan you draw a parallel here?
draw implications
MeaningUnderstand possible results or meanings.
ExampleResearchers drew implications from the findings.
QuestionWhat implications can we draw?
draw criticism
MeaningReceive negative comments.
ExampleThe proposal drew criticism from experts.
QuestionWhy did the decision draw criticism?
establish a link
MeaningShow a connection.
ExampleThe study established a link between sleep and memory.
QuestionCan research establish a link?
establish criteria
MeaningCreate rules for judging something.
ExampleThe team established criteria for selection.
QuestionWho should establish the criteria?
establish credibility
MeaningBuild trust.
ExampleClear evidence helps establish credibility.
QuestionHow can a speaker establish credibility?
establish a precedent
MeaningCreate an example for future decisions.
ExampleThe ruling established a precedent.
QuestionCan one case establish a precedent?
gain recognition
MeaningBecome noticed and respected.
ExampleThe scientist gained recognition for her work.
QuestionHow can a writer gain recognition?
gain momentum
MeaningBecome stronger or faster.
ExampleThe campaign gained momentum online.
QuestionDid the project gain momentum?
gain access
MeaningGet permission or ability to use something.
ExampleResearchers gained access to the archive.
QuestionHow can users gain access?
gain perspective
MeaningUnderstand something better by seeing it differently.
ExampleTravel helped him gain perspective.
QuestionCan failure help people gain perspective?
make a substantial contribution
MeaningHelp in an important way.
ExampleShe made a substantial contribution to the project.
QuestionWhat contribution can you make?
make a compelling argument
MeaningGive a strong and convincing argument.
ExampleThe lawyer made a compelling argument.
QuestionCan you make a compelling argument?
make a conscious effort
MeaningTry deliberately.
ExampleHe made a conscious effort to listen more.
QuestionDo you make a conscious effort to improve?
make a valid point
MeaningSay something reasonable and correct.
ExampleShe made a valid point during the discussion.
QuestionDid he make a valid point?
make a profound impact
MeaningAffect something deeply.
ExampleThe discovery made a profound impact on medicine.
QuestionCan education make a profound impact?
take a firm stance
MeaningHave a strong position.
ExampleThe organisation took a firm stance against bullying.
QuestionShould schools take a firm stance?
take decisive action
MeaningAct strongly and clearly.
ExampleThe government took decisive action after the crisis.
QuestionWhen should leaders take decisive action?
take full responsibility
MeaningAccept complete responsibility.
ExampleThe director took full responsibility for the mistake.
QuestionShould leaders take full responsibility?
take a cautious approach
MeaningAct carefully to avoid risk.
ExampleThe company took a cautious approach to expansion.
QuestionIs a cautious approach better?
take into consideration
MeaningThink about something before deciding.
ExampleWe must take all costs into consideration.
QuestionWhat should we take into consideration?
have far-reaching consequences
MeaningHave important effects on many things.
ExampleThe law had far-reaching consequences.
QuestionCan small decisions have far-reaching consequences?
have a vested interest
MeaningHave a personal reason to support something.
ExampleThe company has a vested interest in the outcome.
QuestionWho has a vested interest here?
have limited resources
MeaningNot have much money, time, or help.
ExampleThe team had limited resources.
QuestionCan limited resources affect results?
have serious implications
MeaningHave important possible results.
ExampleThe findings have serious implications for health.
QuestionWhat implications does this have?
play a pivotal role
MeaningBe very important in a situation.
ExampleTechnology played a pivotal role in the project.
QuestionWhat plays a pivotal role in learning?
play a crucial role
MeaningBe extremely important.
ExampleCommunication plays a crucial role in teamwork.
QuestionDoes trust play a crucial role?
play an active part
MeaningBe involved.
ExampleStudents played an active part in the debate.
QuestionDo you play an active part in class?
play a minor role
MeaningBe less important.
ExampleCost played only a minor role in the decision.
QuestionDid price play a minor role?
meet strict criteria
MeaningSatisfy clear and difficult standards.
ExampleApplicants must meet strict criteria.
QuestionCan every candidate meet strict criteria?
meet growing demand
MeaningSatisfy increasing need.
ExampleThe company expanded to meet growing demand.
QuestionHow can schools meet growing demand?
meet regulatory requirements
MeaningFollow official rules.
ExampleThe product meets regulatory requirements.
QuestionDoes the system meet requirements?
meet a pressing need
MeaningSatisfy an urgent need.
ExampleThe charity meets a pressing need in the community.
QuestionWhat pressing need should be met?
address an issue
MeaningDeal with a problem.
ExampleThe report addresses an important issue.
QuestionDoes the lesson address this issue?
address a concern
MeaningRespond to a worry.
ExampleThe manager addressed staff concerns.
QuestionDid the policy address your concern?
address inequality
MeaningTry to reduce unfair differences.
ExampleThe programme aims to address inequality.
QuestionHow can education address inequality?
address a question
MeaningAnswer or discuss a question.
ExampleThe article addresses a difficult question.
QuestionWhat question does it address?
challenge an assumption
MeaningQuestion something people believe.
ExampleThe results challenged a common assumption.
QuestionCan evidence challenge an assumption?
challenge conventional wisdom
MeaningQuestion what people usually believe.
ExampleThe study challenged conventional wisdom.
QuestionShould we challenge conventional wisdom?
challenge authority
MeaningQuestion people or systems in power.
ExampleThe students challenged authority peacefully.
QuestionWhen is it right to challenge authority?
challenge a decision
MeaningDisagree with a decision formally.
ExampleThe company challenged the court decision.
QuestionCan citizens challenge a decision?
achieve a breakthrough
MeaningMake an important discovery or success.
ExampleScientists achieved a major breakthrough.
QuestionCan teamwork achieve a breakthrough?
achieve sustainable growth
MeaningGrow in a way that can continue.
ExampleThe business achieved sustainable growth.
QuestionHow can companies achieve sustainable growth?
achieve widespread recognition
MeaningBecome known and respected by many people.
ExampleThe artist achieved widespread recognition.
QuestionWhat helps people achieve recognition?
achieve long-term success
MeaningSucceed over a long period.
ExampleDiscipline helps students achieve long-term success.
QuestionHow can learners achieve long-term success?
maintain stability
MeaningKeep things steady.
ExampleThe policy helped maintain stability.
QuestionHow can a country maintain stability?
maintain high standards
MeaningKeep quality high.
ExampleThe school maintains high standards.
QuestionDo you maintain high standards?
maintain a balance
MeaningKeep things in fair proportion.
ExampleIt is hard to maintain a balance between work and rest.
QuestionHow do you maintain a balance?
maintain credibility
MeaningKeep trust.
ExampleThe organisation must maintain credibility.
QuestionHow can leaders maintain credibility?
undermine confidence
MeaningMake people less confident.
ExampleThe scandal undermined public confidence.
QuestionWhat can undermine confidence?
undermine authority
MeaningWeaken someone’s power or respect.
ExampleThe comments undermined the teacher’s authority.
QuestionCan poor communication undermine authority?
undermine trust
MeaningMake trust weaker.
ExampleBroken promises undermine trust.
QuestionWhat can undermine trust?
undermine stability
MeaningMake a situation less stable.
ExampleConflict can undermine stability.
QuestionCan rumours undermine stability?
boost productivity
MeaningIncrease how much work is done.
ExampleBetter tools can boost productivity.
QuestionWhat can boost productivity?
boost confidence
MeaningIncrease confidence.
ExamplePractice can boost confidence.
QuestionHow can teachers boost confidence?
boost morale
MeaningImprove the mood of a group.
ExampleThe good news boosted morale.
QuestionWhat can boost morale at work?
boost performance
MeaningImprove results.
ExampleTraining boosted performance.
QuestionCan feedback boost performance?
spark debate
MeaningStart discussion or disagreement.
ExampleThe article sparked debate online.
QuestionWhat topics spark debate?
spark controversy
MeaningCause public disagreement.
ExampleThe decision sparked controversy.
QuestionCan a school rule spark controversy?
spark interest
MeaningMake people interested.
ExampleThe video sparked interest in science.
QuestionWhat can spark interest in reading?
spark concern
MeaningMake people worried.
ExampleThe results sparked concern among parents.
QuestionWhat can spark concern?
lead to consequences
MeaningCause results.
ExamplePoor planning can lead to consequences.
QuestionWhat can lead to serious consequences?
lead to improvement
MeaningCause something to get better.
ExampleRegular practice led to improvement.
QuestionCan feedback lead to improvement?
lead to confusion
MeaningCause misunderstanding.
ExampleUnclear rules led to confusion.
QuestionWhat can lead to confusion?
lead to conflict
MeaningCause disagreement.
ExamplePoor communication led to conflict.
QuestionCan stress lead to conflict?
cause disruption
MeaningCreate problems or interruption.
ExampleThe strike caused disruption to transport.
QuestionWhat can cause disruption?
cause concern
MeaningMake people worried.
ExampleThe figures caused concern.
QuestionDid the report cause concern?
cause offence
MeaningMake someone upset or insulted.
ExampleHis comment caused offence.
QuestionCan jokes cause offence?
cause irreversible damage
MeaningCreate damage that cannot be repaired.
ExamplePollution can cause irreversible damage.
QuestionWhat can cause irreversible damage?
impose restrictions
MeaningOfficially create limits.
ExampleThe city imposed restrictions on traffic.
QuestionShould governments impose restrictions?
impose a penalty
MeaningGive a punishment.
ExampleThe school imposed a penalty for cheating.
QuestionWas the penalty imposed fairly?
impose standards
MeaningSet rules people must follow.
ExampleThe organisation imposed strict standards.
QuestionWho should impose standards?
allocate resources
MeaningDecide where money, time, or help goes.
ExampleThe council allocated resources to schools.
QuestionHow should resources be allocated?
allocate funding
MeaningGive money for a purpose.
ExampleThe government allocated funding to research.
QuestionWas enough funding allocated?
allocate time
MeaningSet aside time for something.
ExampleStudents should allocate time for revision.
QuestionDo you allocate time carefully?
formulate a strategy
MeaningCreate a careful plan.
ExampleThe team formulated a new strategy.
QuestionCan you formulate a strategy?
formulate a hypothesis
MeaningCreate a testable idea.
ExampleResearchers formulated a hypothesis.
QuestionHow do scientists formulate a hypothesis?
formulate a response
MeaningPrepare an answer.
ExampleThe company formulated a response to criticism.
QuestionWas the response formulated well?
implement a policy
MeaningPut a policy into action.
ExampleThe school implemented a new policy.
QuestionWho should implement the policy?
implement changes
MeaningPut changes into practice.
ExampleThe manager implemented changes gradually.
QuestionWere the changes implemented successfully?
implement a solution
MeaningPut a solution into practice.
ExampleThe team implemented a practical solution.
QuestionCan this solution be implemented quickly?
assess the impact
MeaningJudge the effect.
ExampleExperts assessed the impact of the reform.
QuestionHow can we assess the impact?
assess the risk
MeaningJudge possible danger.
ExampleThe company assessed the risk carefully.
QuestionWas the risk assessed properly?
assess performance
MeaningJudge how well someone or something works.
ExampleTeachers assessed student performance.
QuestionHow is performance assessed?
enhance understanding
MeaningImprove understanding.
ExampleExamples enhance understanding.
QuestionCan diagrams enhance understanding?
enhance credibility
MeaningImprove trust.
ExampleClear evidence enhanced the report’s credibility.
QuestionWhat can enhance credibility?
enhance quality
MeaningImprove quality.
ExampleFeedback enhanced the quality of the final product.
QuestionHow can we enhance quality?
ensure compliance
MeaningMake sure rules are followed.
ExampleThe system ensures compliance with safety rules.
QuestionHow can companies ensure compliance?
ensure accuracy
MeaningMake sure something is correct.
ExampleDouble-checking ensures accuracy.
QuestionHow do you ensure accuracy?
ensure transparency
MeaningMake sure things are clear and open.
ExamplePublic reports help ensure transparency.
QuestionHow can organisations ensure transparency?
promote awareness
MeaningHelp people understand an issue.
ExampleThe campaign promotes awareness of online safety.
QuestionHow can schools promote awareness?
promote equality
MeaningSupport equal treatment.
ExampleThe law promotes equality.
QuestionHow can education promote equality?
promote innovation
MeaningEncourage new ideas.
ExampleThe company promotes innovation through teamwork.
QuestionWhat can promote innovation?
exert influence
MeaningUse power or effect over someone or something.
ExampleLarge corporations can exert influence on public policy.
QuestionWho exerts influence in modern society?
exercise discretion
MeaningUse judgment when making a decision.
ExampleJudges must exercise discretion carefully.
QuestionWhen should leaders exercise discretion?
uphold a ruling
MeaningConfirm or support a legal decision.
ExampleThe court upheld the ruling after the appeal.
QuestionWhy might a court uphold a ruling?
reach a verdict
MeaningMake a final legal decision.
ExampleThe jury reached a verdict after three hours.
QuestionHow long can it take to reach a verdict?
file a lawsuit
MeaningStart a legal case.
ExampleThe company filed a lawsuit against its supplier.
QuestionWhen might someone file a lawsuit?
breach a contract
MeaningBreak the terms of a contract.
ExampleThe supplier breached the contract by missing the deadline.
QuestionWhat happens if a company breaches a contract?
rigorous scrutiny
MeaningVery careful and detailed examination.
ExampleThe proposal came under rigorous scrutiny.
QuestionShould public spending face rigorous scrutiny?
mounting pressure
MeaningIncreasing pressure.
ExampleThe minister faced mounting pressure to resign.
QuestionWhat can create mounting pressure?
widespread condemnation
MeaningStrong criticism from many people.
ExampleThe decision received widespread condemnation.
QuestionWhat actions receive widespread condemnation?
fierce opposition
MeaningVery strong disagreement.
ExampleThe reform faced fierce opposition.
QuestionCan good ideas face fierce opposition?
profound implications
MeaningVery serious possible effects.
ExampleThe discovery has profound implications for medicine.
QuestionWhat can have profound implications?
far-reaching consequences
MeaningEffects that influence many areas.
ExampleThe policy had far-reaching consequences.
QuestionCan technology have far-reaching consequences?
conduct a comprehensive review
MeaningDo a complete and detailed review.
ExampleThe board conducted a comprehensive review of safety rules.
QuestionWho should conduct a comprehensive review?
undertake an assessment
MeaningCarry out an evaluation.
ExampleExperts undertook an assessment of the damage.
QuestionWhy undertake an assessment?
formulate a hypothesis
MeaningCreate a testable idea.
ExampleResearchers formulated a hypothesis about memory.
QuestionHow do scientists formulate a hypothesis?
substantiate a claim
MeaningSupport a claim with evidence.
ExampleThe data substantiated the claim.
QuestionCan you substantiate this claim?
refute an argument
MeaningShow that an argument is wrong.
ExampleThe study refuted the argument convincingly.
QuestionHow can evidence refute an argument?
challenge a premise
MeaningQuestion the basic idea behind an argument.
ExampleThe article challenged the premise of the theory.
QuestionWhen should we challenge a premise?
establish causality
MeaningShow that one thing causes another.
ExampleThe study failed to establish causality.
QuestionIs it difficult to establish causality?
demonstrate correlation
MeaningShow a relationship between two things.
ExampleThe figures demonstrated correlation, not causation.
QuestionCan data demonstrate correlation?
yield results
MeaningProduce results.
ExampleThe experiment yielded unexpected results.
QuestionWhat kind of results can research yield?
generate controversy
MeaningCause public disagreement.
ExampleThe article generated controversy online.
QuestionWhat topics generate controversy?
spark speculation
MeaningCause people to guess or discuss.
ExampleThe announcement sparked speculation about leadership changes.
QuestionWhat can spark speculation?
fuel resentment
MeaningMake resentment stronger.
ExampleThe unfair rule fuelled resentment among workers.
QuestionWhat can fuel resentment?
impose sanctions
MeaningOfficially apply penalties.
ExampleThe government imposed sanctions after the violation.
QuestionWhen are sanctions imposed?
grant immunity
MeaningGive legal protection.
ExampleThe witness was granted immunity.
QuestionWhy might someone be granted immunity?
seek compensation
MeaningAsk for payment because of harm or loss.
ExampleThe workers sought compensation for injuries.
QuestionWho can seek compensation?
accept liability
MeaningAccept legal responsibility.
ExampleThe company accepted liability for the accident.
QuestionWhy would a company accept liability?
deny wrongdoing
MeaningSay that one did nothing wrong.
ExampleThe official denied wrongdoing.
QuestionCan someone deny wrongdoing despite evidence?
launch an inquiry
MeaningStart an official investigation.
ExampleThe government launched an inquiry into the incident.
QuestionWhy launch an inquiry?
mitigate risk
MeaningReduce possible danger.
ExampleThe new procedures mitigate risk.
QuestionHow can companies mitigate risk?
allocate resources
MeaningDecide where money, time, or staff should go.
ExampleThe organisation allocated resources to urgent projects.
QuestionHow should resources be allocated?
optimise performance
MeaningImprove performance as much as possible.
ExampleThe software update optimised performance.
QuestionHow can teams optimise performance?
maximise efficiency
MeaningMake efficiency as high as possible.
ExampleAutomation helped maximise efficiency.
QuestionWhat can maximise efficiency?
streamline operations
MeaningMake business processes simpler and faster.
ExampleThe company streamlined operations.
QuestionWhy streamline operations?
sustain growth
MeaningKeep growth continuing.
ExampleThe firm struggled to sustain growth.
QuestionHow can a business sustain growth?
secure funding
MeaningGet money for a project.
ExampleThe researchers secured funding for the trial.
QuestionHow can a team secure funding?
forge an alliance
MeaningCreate a strong partnership.
ExampleThe two organisations forged an alliance.
QuestionWhy forge an alliance?
broker a deal
MeaningArrange an agreement between sides.
ExampleThe diplomat brokered a deal.
QuestionWho can broker a deal?
negotiate terms
MeaningDiscuss conditions of an agreement.
ExampleThe lawyers negotiated terms for the contract.
QuestionWhat terms need to be negotiated?
honour a commitment
MeaningDo what was promised.
ExampleThe company honoured its commitment to customers.
QuestionWhy honour a commitment?
breach confidentiality
MeaningReveal private information.
ExampleThe employee breached confidentiality.
QuestionWhat happens if someone breaches confidentiality?
warrant attention
MeaningDeserve attention.
ExampleThe findings warrant further attention.
QuestionWhat issues warrant attention?
merit consideration
MeaningDeserve to be considered.
ExampleThe proposal merits serious consideration.
QuestionDoes this idea merit consideration?
require intervention
MeaningNeed action to improve or stop something.
ExampleThe crisis required urgent intervention.
QuestionWhen does a problem require intervention?
necessitate change
MeaningMake change necessary.
ExampleThe new evidence necessitated change.
QuestionWhat can necessitate change?
prompt reflection
MeaningCause people to think carefully.
ExampleThe lecture prompted reflection on ethics.
QuestionCan failure prompt reflection?
invite criticism
MeaningMake criticism likely.
ExampleThe vague statement invited criticism.
QuestionWhat actions invite criticism?
acute shortage
MeaningA very serious lack.
ExampleThe country faced an acute shortage of doctors.
QuestionWhat can cause an acute shortage?
chronic problem
MeaningA long-lasting problem.
ExampleTraffic congestion is a chronic problem.
QuestionWhat is a chronic problem in cities?
pressing issue
MeaningAn urgent problem.
ExampleHousing is a pressing issue in many cities.
QuestionWhat pressing issue should be addressed first?
contentious matter
MeaningA subject that causes disagreement.
ExampleImmigration remains a contentious matter.
QuestionWhy are some matters contentious?
delicate situation
MeaningA situation that must be handled carefully.
ExampleThe manager handled a delicate situation.
QuestionHow should people handle a delicate situation?
volatile market
MeaningA market that changes quickly and unpredictably.
ExampleInvestors avoided the volatile market.
QuestionWhy is a volatile market risky?
inherent risk
MeaningA risk that naturally belongs to something.
ExampleThere is inherent risk in any investment.
QuestionWhat activities have inherent risk?
intrinsic value
MeaningNatural or essential value.
ExampleEducation has intrinsic value.
QuestionWhat has intrinsic value for you?
underlying cause
MeaningThe deeper reason for something.
ExampleThe report identified the underlying cause.
QuestionHow can we find the underlying cause?
root cause
MeaningThe main original cause.
ExamplePoor planning was the root cause of failure.
QuestionWhy identify the root cause?
key determinant
MeaningAn important factor that decides the result.
ExampleIncome is a key determinant of health.
QuestionWhat is a key determinant of success?
defining characteristic
MeaningA feature that strongly identifies something.
ExampleCuriosity is a defining characteristic of good researchers.
QuestionWhat is a defining characteristic of leadership?
compelling evidence
MeaningVery convincing evidence.
ExampleThe trial produced compelling evidence.
QuestionWhat counts as compelling evidence?
inconclusive evidence
MeaningEvidence that does not prove something clearly.
ExampleThe results gave inconclusive evidence.
QuestionWhy can evidence be inconclusive?
empirical data
MeaningData based on observation or experiment.
ExampleThe theory was supported by empirical data.
QuestionWhy is empirical data important?
anecdotal evidence
MeaningEvidence based on personal stories.
ExampleAnecdotal evidence is not always reliable.
QuestionCan anecdotal evidence be misleading?
robust methodology
MeaningA strong and reliable research method.
ExampleThe study used a robust methodology.
QuestionWhy is robust methodology important?
flawed reasoning
MeaningReasoning with mistakes.
ExampleThe conclusion was based on flawed reasoning.
QuestionHow can we detect flawed reasoning?
explicit consent
MeaningClear and direct permission.
ExampleUsers must give explicit consent.
QuestionWhy is explicit consent important?
legal recourse
MeaningLegal action available to someone.
ExampleConsumers have legal recourse in this case.
QuestionWhen is legal recourse available?
binding agreement
MeaningAn agreement that must be followed by law.
ExampleThe parties signed a binding agreement.
QuestionWhat makes an agreement binding?
contractual obligation
MeaningA duty created by a contract.
ExampleThe company failed to meet its contractual obligation.
QuestionWhat is a contractual obligation?
statutory requirement
MeaningA rule required by law.
ExampleThe firm must meet statutory requirements.
QuestionWho sets statutory requirements?
regulatory framework
MeaningThe system of rules controlling an area.
ExampleThe industry needs a stronger regulatory framework.
QuestionWhat does a regulatory framework do?
public outrage
MeaningStrong public anger.
ExampleThe scandal caused public outrage.
QuestionWhat causes public outrage?
civil unrest
MeaningPublic disorder or protest.
ExampleThe crisis led to civil unrest.
QuestionCan economic problems cause civil unrest?
social cohesion
MeaningThe strength of relationships in society.
ExampleEducation can improve social cohesion.
QuestionHow can communities build social cohesion?
economic disparity
MeaningA large difference in wealth or income.
ExampleThe report highlighted economic disparity.
QuestionHow can society reduce economic disparity?
systemic inequality
MeaningUnfairness built into a whole system.
ExampleThe study examined systemic inequality.
QuestionWhy is systemic inequality hard to solve?
cultural heritage
MeaningTraditions and objects from the past.
ExampleThe museum protects cultural heritage.
QuestionWhy protect cultural heritage?
strategic priority
MeaningA very important goal in a plan.
ExampleCybersecurity became a strategic priority.
QuestionWhat is your strategic priority?
competitive advantage
MeaningSomething that helps a company do better than others.
ExampleInnovation gave the company a competitive advantage.
QuestionHow can a business gain competitive advantage?
market dominance
MeaningControl over a market.
ExampleThe company achieved market dominance.
QuestionIs market dominance always good?
brand reputation
MeaningHow people view a brand.
ExampleThe scandal damaged brand reputation.
QuestionHow can companies protect brand reputation?
operational efficiency
MeaningHow well operations use time and resources.
ExampleThe update improved operational efficiency.
QuestionWhat improves operational efficiency?
financial viability
MeaningAbility to survive financially.
ExampleThe report questioned the project’s financial viability.
QuestionHow can we assess financial viability?
ethical dilemma
MeaningA difficult choice involving right and wrong.
ExampleDoctors faced an ethical dilemma.
QuestionWhat can create an ethical dilemma?
moral obligation
MeaningA duty based on what is right.
ExampleWe have a moral obligation to help.
QuestionDo people have a moral obligation to act?
grave concern
MeaningVery serious worry.
ExampleThe findings are a matter of grave concern.
QuestionWhat should be treated as a grave concern?
unintended consequence
MeaningA result that was not planned.
ExampleThe policy had unintended consequences.
QuestionHow can leaders avoid unintended consequences?
irreversible damage
MeaningDamage that cannot be repaired.
ExampleThe fire caused irreversible damage.
QuestionWhat can cause irreversible damage?
lasting impact
MeaningAn effect that continues for a long time.
ExampleThe teacher had a lasting impact on her students.
QuestionWho has had a lasting impact on you?