French for Beginners

Learn French with Frère Jacques

A simple French nursery rhyme to practise everyday words, pronunciation, questions, and verbs. Read the lyrics in French and English, and learn the vocabulary with clear examples.

What is “Frère Jacques”?

Frère Jacques is a traditional French children’s song about a brother who is still sleeping when the bells for morning prayers should ring. It is easy for beginners because the lines repeat, and you can practise useful expressions such as Dormez-vous ? (“Are you sleeping?”).

✓ Learn 12 useful words and expressions ✓ Understand two common French verbs ✓ Ask a question in French
01 · Read and sing

Frère Jacques: French & English Lyrics

Read each line, sing along, and tap the underlined French words to discover their meanings.

🎵 Read · Tap · Sing

Frère Jacques

Read the French rhyme. Tap a highlighted word for help.

Text
Reading help
Letters
English
,
,
 ?
 ?
 !
 !
Ding, ding, dong.
Ding, ding, dong.
💡 What happens? Brother Jacques is sleeping, but it is time to ring the bells for morning prayers.
📖 New words Tap a word in the song to learn more
frèrebrother
JacquesJacques, a French first name
dormez-vous ?are you sleeping?
sonnez !ring! (a command)
lesthe, used with plural nouns
matinesmorning prayers

Language note: Jacques usually corresponds to James in English, but the familiar English song uses Brother John. Also, matines literally refers to morning prayers (matins), not to the bells themselves.

02 · Build vocabulary

French Vocabulary for Beginners

Start with the words in the song, then learn a few related words you can use in everyday French.

French word, pronunciation, English meaning and example
FrenchPronunciation (IPA)EnglishExample
frère/fʁɛʁ/brotherMon frère est ici.My brother is here.
Jacques/ʒak/Jacques (James)Jacques est ici.Jacques is here.
dormir/dɔʁ.miʁ/to sleepJe veux dormir.I want to sleep.
dormez/dɔʁ.me/you sleep / are sleepingVous dormez.You are sleeping.
vous/vu/you (formal or plural)Comment allez-vous ?How are you?
sonner/sɔ.ne/to ringLa cloche va sonner.The bell is going to ring.
sonnez !/sɔ.ne/ring! (command)Sonnez la cloche !Ring the bell!
les/le/the (plural)Les enfants dorment.The children are sleeping.
les matines/le ma.tin/morning prayers (matins)Les matines commencent.Matins are beginning.
la cloche/la klɔʃ/the bellLa cloche sonne.The bell is ringing.
le matin/lə ma.tɛ̃/the morningJe lis le matin.I read in the morning.
bonjour/bɔ̃.ʒuʁ/hello / good morningBonjour, Jacques !Hello, Jacques!
Remember: le matin means “the morning”, while les matines means “morning prayers”. They look similar, but they do not mean the same thing.
03 · Say it clearly

French Pronunciation Tips

Try these sounds slowly. The English hints are approximate, not exact French pronunciation.

Frère/fʁɛʁ/

Think “frehr”, using the French R sound at the back of your mouth.

Jacques/ʒak/

Sounds roughly like “zhak”. The final s is silent.

Dormez-vous ?/dɔʁ.me.vu/

Three clear parts: dor · mé · vous.

Sonnez/sɔ.ne/

Two parts: son · né. The ending sounds like “ay”, not “ez”.

In French, spelling and pronunciation do not always match. Repeat short phrases aloud rather than trying to pronounce every letter.

04 · Understand the language

Easy French Grammar from the Song

1. Dormez-vous ?

This means “Are you sleeping?” The verb comes before vous to form a question.

Vous dormez.You are sleeping.
Dormez-vous ?Are you sleeping?

Beginner shortcut: In everyday speech, you can also ask Vous dormez ? with rising intonation.

2. Dormir = to sleep

A French verb changes with the subject. Compare these forms:

Je dors.I sleep / I am sleeping.
Tu dors.You sleep (informal, one person).
Vous dormez.You sleep (formal or plural).

3. Sonnez ! = Ring!

Sonnez ! is a command (imperative), used when speaking politely to one person or to several people.

Sonnez la cloche !Ring the bell!
Écoutez !Listen!

4. Le, la, les = the

French has different forms of “the”.

le matinthe morning (masculine)
la clochethe bell (feminine)
les clochesthe bells (plural)
05 · Use what you learned

Five Simple French Sentences

These short phrases help you use the vocabulary outside the song.

Bonjour, Jacques !Hello, Jacques!
Je dors.I am sleeping.
Tu dors ?Are you sleeping? (informal)
La cloche sonne.The bell is ringing.
Mon frère est ici.My brother is here.
Quick answers

Frequently Asked Questions

What does “Frère Jacques” mean in English?

Literally, it means “Brother James”. The well-known English version of the song calls him “Brother John”.

What does “Dormez-vous ?” mean?

It means “Are you sleeping?” It uses dormez, a form of dormir (“to sleep”), with vous (“you”).

What does “Sonnez les matines” mean?

In the context of the song, it means “Ring the bells for morning prayers.” Matines refers to the prayers, not the bells.

Is “Frère Jacques” good for French beginners?

Yes. Its short, repeated lines make it useful for learning basic vocabulary, listening patterns, a simple question, and a command.